His reward for paying on time was an interest rate increase to 19 percent from 12 percent.
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The average interest rate charged on credit-card balances decreased to 13.4 percent in November from 14.4 percent a year earlier, according to the Federal Reserve’s December G19 report, which tracks rates for credit-card accounts. The prime rate has decreased to 3.25 percent from 6 percent last February. Most variable credit-card rates are linked to the prime rate, which follows the federal funds rate.

Rate changes announced by New York-based Citigroup Inc., the biggest U.S. credit-card issuer, American Express Co. and Charlotte, North Carolina-based Bank of America Corp. are intended to raise revenue, said Woolsey, who is based in Austin, Texas.

Citigroup’s charge-off rates of loans increased by 88 percent, climbing to 7.81 percent in December from 4.16 percent a year earlier, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Charge- offs are loans the banks don’t expect to be repaid. American Express’s charge-off rates more than doubled to 7.23 percent from 3.32 percent while Bank of America’s rates increased to 8.45 percent from 5.24 percent, a 61 percent jump.

After helping to foster the explosive growth of consumer debt in recent years, credit card companies are realizing that some hard-pressed Americans will not be able to pay their bills as the economy deteriorates.

So lenders and their collectors are rushing to round up what money they can before things get worse, even if that means forgiving part of some borrowers’ debts. Increasingly, they are stretching out payments and accepting dimes, if not pennies, on the dollar as payment in full.
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Lenders are not being charitable. They are simply trying to protect themselves. Banks and card companies are bracing for a wave of defaults on credit card debt in early 2009, and they are vying with each other to get paid first.
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Card companies will offer loan modifications only to people who meet certain criteria. Most customers must be delinquent for 90 days or longer. Other considerations include the borrower’s income, existing bank relationships and a credit record that suggests missing a payment is an exception rather than the rule.

While a deal may help avoid credit card cancellation or bankruptcy, it will also lead to a sharp drop in the borrower’s credit score for as long as seven years, making it far more difficult and expensive to obtain new loans. The average consumer’s score will fall 70 to 130 points, on a scale where the strongest borrowers register 700 or more.

JUDY WOODRUFF: How do you assess the strength of the financial system today?
GEORGE SOROS: I think this is the most serious crisis of our lifetime. It’s not just a housing crisis, but a crisis of the financial system.
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GEORGE SOROS: The regulators have failed to regulate, and they really have to — they left it to the market. That was this market fundamentalist philosophy, that markets will take care of themselves.
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And I contend that there’s been what I call a super bubble that has been growing over the last 25 years at least, which basically consisted of an extension in credit, increasing use of leverage. That was the trend in reality.

And the misconception that credit is that markets can be left to their own devices. Now, in fact, they are given to excesses, and occasionally they create crises, but each time the authorities intervene and bail out the failing institutions, provide fiscal stimulus, monetary stimulus.

So it seems like the market corrects itself, but it’s actually the intervention of the authorities that saves the market.

In January, legislation went into effect capping interest rates in the District at 24 percent, effectively driving out the area’s payday lenders, whose business model is wedded to annualized rates of 300 percent and above. Credit unions are now slowly filling the void in small-dollar loans. At least half a dozen District institutions are attempting to reinvent the loans as a tool to help bring hard-pressed borrowers closer to financial health.

The credit unions’ products vary, but generally they are loans of $300 to $1,000 with an annual percentage rate of up to 18 percent. Unlike payday loans, in which borrowers sign over part of their next paycheck for the cash advance, the credit unions’ new products have longer terms, from thirty days to a year.

Universities and their alumni associations have discovered an unlikely and disturbing source of revenue: Increasingly, they are selling students’ personal information to big credit-card companies eager for young customers.

Using state public disclosure laws, Business Week has obtained more than two dozen confidential contracts between major schools and card-issuing banks keen to sign up undergraduates with mounting expenses for tuition, books, and travel. In some instances, universities and alumni groups receive larger payments from the banks if students use their school-branded cards more frequently.

The growing financial alliance between schools and banks raises questions about whether universities are encouraging students to incur additional high-interest debt at a time when many young people graduate from college owing tens of thousands of dollars.
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Universities rarely negotiate favorable terms for their students, according to people familiar with the practice. On the contrary, some schools and booster groups entice undergraduates to sign up for cards with low initial interest rates that are soon replaced by steep double-digit rates.

In another sign of the intense pressure on leading banks, Deutsche Bank is attempting to offload some of its €35 billion (£28 billion) of toxic debt to a consortium of private-equity firms. Huge exposure to American mortgages is expected to result in Citi taking a $10 billion hit to its accounts, dragging the bank to a first-quarter loss of almost $3 billion. Some analysts believe Citi’s write-downs could stretch to as much as $12 billion.

Merrill will suffer $5 billion of write-downs, analysts say, which would push the bank $2.7 billion into the red. t is expected to knock a further 20% from the value of its sub-prime holdings, in spite of the fact that it announced $18 billion of write-downs only three months ago. The new rash of Wall Street losses and write-downs come in addition to the billions that have already been recorded.

The world’s biggest banks have suffered losses and write-downs totalling almost $250 billion since the beginning of 2007, according to analysts. Last week the IMF shocked markets by saying that global losses from the credit crisis could rise to $945 billion.