Global manufacturing recession continued in February. From the Institute for Supply Management, the USA is in the 13th consecutive month of contraction:
Japanese Factory Output Posts Record Drop in January
European Manufacturing Contracts at Record Pace
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The manufacturing index for Germany, Europe’s largest economy, was at 32.1 in February, lower than the initially reported 32.2, according to a separate report. Italy’s dropped to 35 from 36.1 and the French gauge declined to 34.8 from 37.9, less than the initial estimate.
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The International Monetary Fund predicts the euro area economy will contract 2 percent this year.
In Korea, industrial output shark 26% in January, the largest decline even (statistics available since 1970). A one month period is not very significant but with a 26% decline that is still huge. And the December decline was 19%
China appears to be slowing the least of any sizable manufacturer:
It was the third straight month that the PMI came in higher than the month before, which provided some hope that China’s economy, which grew at its slowest pace in seven years in the fourth quarter of 2008, might be starting to stabilize. But economists are far from declaring an economic rebound.
Related: Manufacturing Employment Data from 1979 to 2007 – Top 12 Manufacturing Countries in 2007 – The Economy is in Serious Trouble – Japanese Economy Shrinks 12.7% – USA Job Growth (2007)
6 months ago I figured we could hope than in late 2009 we would see the beginning of the recovery. I am much less optimistic about the later half of 2009 now. The initial reports for the last quarter of 2008 showed GDP Down 3.8%, the worst since 1982. That has now been updated to an annualized decline of 6.2%. Still the economy actually grew for all of 2008 by just over 1%, something I don’t think most people realize.
The New York Times has published the thoughts of several economists on When the Recession Will End, from the always true to the “dismal science” name, Jame Grant, “the end is unknown.” A. Michael Spence, 2001 Nobel Prize in Economics, “The short answer is not soon“:
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Governments and central banks are the only major sources of credit, liquidity and incremental demand — private capital and sovereign wealth funds, having experienced losses, are largely sidelined. If governments are quick and clear in their intentions and intervene in a coordinated way in both the real economy and the financial sector, we will probably have an unusually long and deep global recession through 2010. If they don’t, it is likely to be worse than that.
Nouriel Roubini, this recession may last 36 months:
And from the Google CEO
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By the end of the year, we may see some growth, with gains in employment to follow a few months later.
I am much less confident that by the end of 2009 we will be in a recovery. That is still very possible, but I am much more worried we will not be. Frankly if we keep the decline in the 2009 GDP to under 2% I think that will be a success. And if the 2010 GDP declines less than 1% or increases I think we should be happy. Another key is how high the unemployment rate goes. It is almost certain to go significantly higher. If 2010 sees a return to the decent or good job growth that will be a huge success. But job growth the last 8 years has been horrible (500,000 more jobs lost).
Related: Uncertain Economic Times (March 2008) – The Economy is in Serious Trouble – What Should You Do With Your Government “Stimulus” Check? – Economic Fault: Income Inequality
Paul Volcker said some pretty alarming words recently. Volcker: Crisis May be Even Worse than Depression
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He stressed the importance of preventing financial institutions large enough to pose a threat to the entire system from engaging in risky behavior such as running hedge funds or trading for its own accounts.
He is certainly right on the second point. I must say the decline is bad. And the recent new on jobs and GDP have been bad. It doesn’t strike me as approaching the depression type problems but he didn’t say the economy was approaching a depression, just that the decline was steeper now, perhaps. When he says something like that it makes me at least want to pay a bit more attention to the economy.
Related: Too Big to Fail, is Too Big – Treasury Now (1987) Favors Creation of Huge Banks – Monopolies and Oligopolies do not a Free Market Make
The Japanese economy shrank an amazing 12.7% in the fourth quarter of 2008. for comparison, the US economy fell by 3.8% in the quarter. Japan Economy Shrinks 12.7%, Steepest Drop Since 1974 Oil Shock
“There’s no doubt that the economy is in its worst state in the postwar period,” Economic and Fiscal Policy Minister Kaoru Yosano said in Tokyo. “The Japanese economy, which is heavily dependent on exports of autos, electronics and capital goods, has been severely hit by the global slowdown.”
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Capital investment fell 5.3 percent. Manufacturers cut production by a record 11.9 percent in the quarter, indicating they have little need to buy equipment as factories lay idle. Consumer spending, which accounts for more than half of the economy, dropped 0.4 percent, as exporters fired workers.
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The jobless rate surged to 4.4 percent in December from 3.9 percent, the biggest jump in four decades.
The decline is huge. Economies shrinking 2% is a large and fairly rare event. Shrinking over 10% is dramatically bad. The drop appears to be largely due to falling exports as consumer spending only dropped by .4 percent. Since 1930 the US economy has only fallen over 10% in a year 1932 and 1946. And real GDP has fallen over 2% only 5 times, the most recent time close to that large a fall was in 1982 with a 1.9% decline). Data from the United States Bureau of Economic Analysis. There is a good chance the US GDP will decline between 2-3% in 2009.
Related: Dreadful economic results in Japan suggest that things will only get gloomier – Over 500,000 Jobs Disappeared in November – Economic Fault: Income Inequality – Goldman Sachs Rakes In Profit in Credit Crisis (2007)
China and USA exports and imports have been dropping sharply. The USA has decreased the excess consumption over production by $20 billion a month (from $60B to $40B monthly deficit). China maintains a trade surplus and as imports drop faster than export this is actually increasing on a percentage basis.
Can the improvement in the US trade balance continue?
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Deficits and surpluses are shrinking globally now that the price of oil is at levels that roughly cover the oil exporters imports.* Right now China’s (growing) surplus is clearly the main counterpart to the United States’ (shrinking) deficit.
It is hard to put lipstick on a pig (or even an ox):
Related: The Budget Deficit, the Current Account Deficit and the Saving Deficit – Top 12 Manufacturing Countries in 2007 – Personal Saving and Personal Debt in the USA – Charge It to My Kids
Worthwhile Canadian Initiative by Fareed Zakaria
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Canadian banks are typically leveraged at 18 to 1—compared with U.S. banks at 26 to 1 and European banks at a frightening 61 to 1.
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Canada has been remarkably responsible over the past decade or so. It has had 12 years of budget surpluses, and can now spend money to fuel a recovery from a strong position. The government has restructured the national pension system, placing it on a firm fiscal footing, unlike our own insolvent Social Security. Its health-care system is cheaper than America’s by far (accounting for 9.7 percent of GDP, versus 15.2 percent here), and yet does better on all major indexes. Life expectancy in Canada is 81 years, versus 78 in the United States; “healthy life expectancy” is 72 years, versus 69. American car companies have moved so many jobs to Canada to take advantage of lower health-care costs that since 2004, Ontario and not Michigan has been North America’s largest car-producing region.
Related: Canadian Banks Avoid Failures Common Elsewhere – International Health Care System Performance – Greenspan Says He Was Wrong On Regulation
GDP slides 3.8%, worst since 1982
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“All of this points towards real GDP declining faster in the first quarter than the fourth quarter,” Levy said. Another bad portent was a sharp decline in exports. U.S. sales to other countries had been strong in recent years, boosted by high demand overseas and the relatively low value of the dollar. But that situation reversed sharply in the last three months of 2008, with exports plummeting 19.7%.
According to the International Monetary Fund, the decline in the U.S. is matched by other leading economies, which contracted about 5.5% in the fourth quarter of 2008.
The decline was a bit less than anticipated but obviously shows an economy in serious trouble. U.S. GDP Falls At 3.8 Percent Pace In 4th Quarter
The Commerce report showed consumer spending – which accounts for a whopping two-thirds of U.S. economic activity – fell another 3.5 percent in the fourth quarter after declining 3.8 percent in the third quarter. Spending on durable goods such as cars and furniture plunged 22.4 percent, the steepest decline since the first quarter of 1987.
As I have been saying for awhile the economy is in trouble and 2009 looks to be difficult. We should be happy if a recovery is underway in the 4th quarter of 2009 and we have not too drastically increased the burden on the future to pay for current spending.
Related: Financial Market Meltdown (Oct 2008) – Cracks in US Economy? (Dec 2006) – Fed Continues Wall Street Welfare – Forecasting Oil Prices – Crisis May Push USA Federal Deficit to Above $1 Trillion for 2009
President Barack Obama’s Inaugural Address
That sounds nice I believe however, it is fairly irrelevant. Economic demand is what is down, not production capacity. We are “no less productive than when this crisis began.” Ok, that is probably true. So what. That implies that the crisis has something to do with productivity. If we say the color of our eyes is the same as when the crisis began it is obvious that is a non-sequitur. Well so is the quote by the new President, though that is less obvious.
Our demand was definitely over stimulated using massive federal government budget deficits, massive trade deficits, massive amounts of consumer debt, massive amounts of unjustified mortgage debt and massive amounts of leverage. None of those things has anything to do with capacity in the implied sense – capacity to produce. They have to do with the capacity to consume. And while our capacity to consume has not declined. The funding that allows that consumption (foreign lending, high leverage, junk mortgages…) has decreased.
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I am a big fan of helping improve the economic lives of those in the world by harnessing appropriate technology and capitalism. It is wonderful what can be done to improve the lives of so many people with some intelligence and effort. This talk does a great job of showing how engineers thinking about the economic realities in the much of the world can design solutions to help. Without understanding the economic realities you cannot be effective.
Concludes Smith, “Something like 90% of the world’s resources creates products and technologies that serve only the wealthiest 10% of the worlds’ population. There’s a revolution afoot to promote R&D to get designers to work on technologies for the other 90%.”
Related: Nepalese Entrepreneur Success – Creating a World Without Poverty – Engineering a Better World: Bike Corn-Sheller – High School Inventor Teams @ MIT – Smokeless Stove Uses 80% Less Fuel
US living standards in jeopardy by James Jubak
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the difference would get larger each year as the two rates were compounded. After 10 years at 2.3% growth, the U.S. economy would grow from $14.4 trillion in the third quarter of 2008 to $18.1 trillion, after accounting for inflation. At 3%, however, the U.S. economy would reach $19.4 trillion in gross domestic product.
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The official unemployment rate hit 7.2% in December. Factor in part-time workers who would like to work full time and discouraged people who have stopped looking for work, and the real rate is more like 13.5%.
Some of those people won’t go back to work even when this recession is over because the relatively meager safety net supporting the unemployed in the United States will have given way beneath them. They will have suffered so much personal and family damage that they will never regain their full pre-recession productivity.
Related: Bad News on Jobs – The Economy is in Serious Trouble – Why Investing is Safer Overseas